The ENSO Longitude Index (ELI) is a simple index that tracks the average longitude of tropical Pacific deep convection and, for the first time, characterizes the diversity of ENSO in a single index. ELI accounts for the nonlinear response of deep convection to sea-surface temperature, and provides a continuous time series for analyses of ENSO dynamics.
The Calibrated and Systematic Characterization, Attribution, and Detection of Extremes (CASCADE) project advances the Nation’s ability to identify and project climate extremes and how they are impacted by environmental drivers.